油气理论与技术前沿

贺梦准

smartdou 发表于 2013-12-4 23:32
ERC (EXTREME RESERVOIR CONTACT)

受教，多謝竇教授了。

贺梦准

主要技术：
（1）数字岩心及储层原位参数测量技术
（2）多尺度动态地质建模及自动历史拟合油藏模拟技术
（3）实验室岩心驱替动态纳米CT扫描及分析技术
（4）致密储层及纳米孔喉结构描述技术
（5）共享地模及虚拟现实技术
（6）纳米机器人油藏检测技术
（7）亿级网格数值模拟技术
（8）智能流体提高采收率技术
（9）极大油藏接触技术
（10）新一代的二氧化碳驱油技术
（11）智能井技术
（12）致密储层及页岩储层水平井多段压裂技术
（13）海上深水压裂技术
（14）深海水合物开发技术
（15）低矿化度提高采收率技术
（16）重油超重油原位改质技术
（17）高温高压储层油气钻采技术
（18）智能油田技术

這些技術裏面，有的已經早已進入工業化應用階段了，如緻密儲層及葉岩儲層水準井多段壓裂技術；有的還在實驗室研究階段，如3D數位岩心技術；有的甚至還只存在于科學家和工程師的腦海裏，是否能夠實現尚未可知啊，如納米機器人油藏檢測技術。

smartdou

贺梦准 发表于 2013-12-5 17:57
這些技術裏面，有的已經早已進入工業化應用階段了，如緻密儲層及葉岩儲層水準井多段壓裂技術；有的還在 ...

致密储层及页岩储层的水平井多段压裂技术目前是在使用的技术，但这些技术还在发展，对于这些储层还能否进行二次采油，与目前使用的技术相关，所以，水平井多段压裂技术还需要发展。其次，关于纳米储层油藏监测技术沙特阿美石油公司已经进行了矿场试验，取得了良好的效果。此项技术斯伦贝谢等公司也研发成功了。上述的多数技术都是目前可用的技术，少数技术已经进入了试验或工业化试验阶段。

贺梦准

非常感謝竇先生的答復，這裏是某機構總結的近期可能有所突破的充滿想像力的油氣開採領域相關技術，可以一起探討一下：
①油藏最大接觸井（MRC）。油藏最大接觸井指的是分支穿過油藏 超過4. 8 km(3 英里) 的智慧多分支井。這種井越來越受到重視，且驅油效率高。因為在分支得到最優設計的前提下，分支數 目的增加就意味著產量的顯著增加，這對緻密且非均質性較強 的油藏而言是相當重要的。
②智慧流量控制設備。流量控制設備通過在流量豐富的井段產生附加壓差(流體在設備內螺旋狀運動形成附加壓差)，使得整個井的水準段流量均勻分佈，這樣就阻止了氣錐和水錐的發生，平衡了生產剖面，提高了經濟採收率。
③智能自控油田。通常情況下，智慧油田集合了所有與油 田相關的資訊，如油藏壓力、油藏溫度、井口流體組分、管流，以及工廠資訊化等，利用實況資料來即時管理油田
④無源地震監測。成千上萬頻繁出現的地震都是微震，震級不到1、2級，甚至更低。這些地震的信號很難用常規方法記錄下來。無源地震 監測能夠在油藏位置記錄這種微地震的地震強度(通常稱為微震活動性)，從而識別井筒周圍斷層和裂縫的分佈，勘測遠離井位的流體通道。這項技術無需振盪器或炸藥等震源即可完成監測。
⑤巨格模擬。三維地震資料和精細建模演算法的廣泛應用導致了精細地質模型的形成，該模型能夠實現高解析度描述油藏特徵。未來油藏模擬器將無需放大模型，可以直接利用地質模型高解析度類比巨型油田。為了達到這一目標，油藏模擬器所控制的單元應比現行模擬器控制的多。
⑥智能液。智慧液是指那些被注入到油藏中用於完成特殊預期行為的流體，如完全封堵水淹層卻允許油流向其他層。這些流體將按需研製，並在油藏中自動發生預計的化學反應。換言之，它們被強制性注入油藏，按自己的方式自動完成它們的任務，無需任何先進的配備工藝，如層位分隔和撓性油管。
⑦仿生井。 未來的油井會像植物一樣，無需鑽井，應當“種植”。樹根需要一個濕潤的土壤，在一定區域內伸展枝節，當土壤乾涸時切斷枝節，並在其他區域生成另外的枝節，如此反反復複。仿生井與此 相似(只是分支尋找的是油不是水)，一旦井的垂直井段鑽探完畢(種植油井)，就“放任自流”。智慧分支將朝著無排水含油層伸展，一旦水浸就切斷分支，並向其他層延伸另一個分支，以此類推。
⑧油藏納米機器人。 這些小機器人僅為人頭髮直徑的1/ 100，將大量地隨注入液進入到油藏中。在運行過程中，會分析出油藏壓力、溫度、流體類型，並將這些資訊存入記憶體中，然後從采出液中將它們收回(至少部分收回)，採集下載這些資料以提供它們在運行過程中採集到的一些關鍵資料，由此繪製出油藏圖。

smartdou

贺梦准 发表于 2013-12-5 22:22
非常感謝竇先生的答復，這裏是某機構總結的近期可能有所突破的充滿想像力的油氣開採領域相關技術，可以一起 ...

感谢分享较详细的资料给大家。

wusword668

窦老师，我觉得水合物现在提有点早，尽管在南海有些勘探成果，我个人估计至少等20年左右

smartdou

wusword668 发表于 2013-12-20 09:04
窦老师，我觉得水合物现在提有点早，尽管在南海有些勘探成果，我个人估计至少等20年左右

近年来，美国和日本在天然气水合勘探和开发方面都已经做了大量的研究工作。日本在2012年购买了美国Back-Hughes 的成套天然气水合物开采设备，将要用于海洋水合物的实际开发。最近美国在墨西哥湾深水天然气水合物勘探又取得了重大突破。下面提供一个小资料供大家参考学习。

New insight into gas hydrates in US Gulf of Mexico A 15-day research expedition carried out in the northern US Gulf of Mexico has produced the best high-resolution seismic data and imagery ever obtained of sediments with high gas hydrate saturations. The expedition and the data and imagery collected resulted from long-standing cooperation between the US Department of the Interior's US Geological Survey (USGS) and Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and the US Department of Energy (DOE). This collaboration aims to advance scientific understanding of gas hydrates, an important potential future energy resource. Gas hydrates are ice-like substances formed when certain gases combine with water at specific pressures and temperatures. Deposits of gas hydrates are widespread in marine sediments beneath the ocean floor and in sediments within and beneath permafrost areas, where pressure-temperature conditions keep the gas trapped in the hydrate structure. Methane is the gas most often trapped in these deposits, making gas hydrates a potentially significant source for natural gas around the world. "This expedition represents a significant milestone," said USGS Energy Resources Program Coordinator Brenda Pierce. "The data and imagery provide insight into the entire petroleum system at each location, including the source of gas, the migration pathways for the gas, the distribution of hydrate-bearing sediments, and the traps that hold the hydrate and free gas in place. The USGS has a globally recognized research effort studying gas hydrates in settings around the world, and this project combines our unique expertise with that of other agencies to advance research on this potential future energy resource." [/td] Seismic image of US Gulf gas hydrate. The recently completed expedition on the research ship Pelican in April and May 2013, focused on previously identified deepwater gas hydrate deposits in the Gulf of Mexico, at Walter Ridge and Green Canyon sites. It was planned jointly by USGS, DOE, and BOEM, and was executed by USGS. Using low-energy seismic sources, USGS scientists collected details about the nature of the gas hydrate reservoirs and about geologic features of the sediment between the reservoirs and the seafloor. The new data also provide information about how much gas hydrate exists in a much broader area than can be determined from using standard industry seismic data, which is typically designed to image much deeper geologic units. [/td] The USGS' research vessel Pelican. "Understanding the nature and setting of deepwater gas hydrates is central to the National Methane Hydrates R&D Program, which is led by DOE and managed by Fossil Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory," said Christopher Smith, DOE's Acting Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy. "Over the past eight years, research carried out under this program has resulted in significant advances in our understanding of methane hydrates, their role in nature, and their potential as a future energy resource. This success is largely due to an unprecedented level of cooperation among federal agencies, industry, national laboratories, and academic institutions." [/td] The USGS's Tom O'Brien, Patrick Hart (who is a co-chief scientist for the cruise) and Jenny White adjust seismic streamers and prepare to collect data on gas hydrates in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico aboard the research vessel Pelican in April to May, 2013. "The high-resolution nature of the data acquired through this interagency project will uniquely inform the BOEM effort to assess the resource potential of gas hydrates on the US Outer Continental Shelf," said Renee Orr, Chief, Strategic Resources Office, BOEM. The data were collected at two locations where the three federal agencies partnered with an industry consortium to conduct a drilling expedition in 2009. That expedition discovered gas hydrate filling between 50% and 90% of the available pore space between sediment grains in sandy layers in the subsurface. These reservoirs are expected to be representative of the 6.7 quadrillion (6.7 Qcf or 6,700 Tcf) of gas that the BOEM estimates is housed in gas hydrates in sand-rich reservoirs in the northern Gulf of Mexico. [/td] USGS co-chief scientist Seth Haines and technician Tom O'Brien work on data acquisition and analysis in the laboratory of the research vessel Pelican during a cruise to explore gas hydrates in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico from April to May, 2013. The new data are being used to refine estimates of the nature, distribution, and concentration of gas hydrate in the vicinity of the 2009 drillsites. This will help assess how useful specialized seismic data may be to estimating hydrate saturations in deepwater sediments. In coming years, the three agencies will continue their collaborative investigation of gas hydrates in the northern Gulf of Mexico and other locations across the world.