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本帖最后由 weidi 于 2012-4-11 14:22 编辑
英文名称：Experimental and theoretical study of surfactant-based acid diverting materials
作者: | | | Alghamdi, Abdulwahab Hussain A. | 学校: | | | Texas A&M University. | 学位: | | | Ph.D. | 指导老师: | | | Hill, A. Dan,eadvisorNasr-El-Din, Hisham,eadvisor | 学科: | | | Engineering,Petroleum. | 来源: | | | Dissertation Abstracts International | 出版日期: | | | 2010 | ISBN: | | | 9781124510453 | 语言: | | | English |
摘要
The purpose of matrix stimulation in carbonate reservoirs is to bypass damaged zones and increase the effective wellbore area. This can be achieved by creating highly conductive flow channels known as wormholes. A further injection of acid will follow a wormhole path where the permeability has increased significantly, leaving substantial intervals untreated. Diverting materials such as surfactant-based acids plays an important role in mitigating this problem. In this study and for the first time, 20-inch long cores were used to conduct the acidizing experiments in two configurations, single coreflood and parallel coreflood. The major findings from performing single coreflood experiments can be summarized as follows: The acid injection rate was found to be a critical parameter in maximizing the efficiency of using surfactant-based acids as a diverting chemical, in addition to creating wormholes. The maximum apparent viscosity, which developed during viscoelastic surfactant acid injection, occurred over a narrow range of acid injection rates. Higher injection rates were not effective in enhancing the acidizing process, and the use of diverting material produced results similar to those of regular acids. The amount of calcium measured in the effluent samples suggests that, if the acid was injected below the optimum rate, it would allow the acid filtrate to extend further ahead of the wormhole； at some point, it would trigger the surfactant and form micelles. When the acid injection rate was lowered further to a value of 1.5 cm3/min, the fluid front developed in more progressive fashion and the calcium concentration was more significant, continuing to increase until wormhole breakthrough. On the other hand, the parallel coreflood tests show several periods that can be identified from the shape of the flow rate distribution entering each core. The acid injection rate was confirmed as influencing the efficiency of the surfactant to divert acid. Acid diversion was noted to be most efficient at low rates 3 cm3/min). No significant diversion was noted at high initial permeability ratios, at least for the given core length. The use of surfactant-based acid was also found to be constrained by the scale of the initial permeability ratio. For permeability ratios greater than about 10, diversion was insufficient.
摘要译文：
碳酸盐岩基质酸化会形成高导流能力的流动通道——酸蚀蚓孔，它会绕过污染区域和并扩大孔隙和流道，提高近井地带的渗透率。但后续注酸便会跟着进入这些渗透率较高的酸蚀蚓孔，而其他层则未被酸处理到。转向物质比如表面活性剂基转向酸就能很好的解决这一问题。本文利用长20英寸的岩心分别进行单岩心和平行岩心流动实验。
单岩心实验结果显示：注酸速率是表面活性剂基转向酸转向效率高低的重要影响因素，酸液表观粘度随着转向酸的注入而增加，在某个很小的注酸速率范围内达到最大。更高的注酸速率并不会带来更好的效果，此时用转向物质酸化与普通酸化效果差异不大。流出物样品中的钙含量表明，如果低于最佳注酸速率，酸滤液会沿着酸蚀蚓孔向前流动；在某一时刻，钙离子会引起表面活性剂结构改变形成胶束。当注酸速率远远低于1.5 cm3/min时，流体前缘推进更为连续且钙离子浓度增长更为明显，直至酸液在蚓孔突破。
另一方面，在平行岩心实验中，通过测定进入每个岩心流量的大小可以鉴别出岩心流动的几个阶段。注酸速率被证实是影响转向效率的关键参数。注酸流速为3cm3/min时转向效率最高。在较高的原始渗透率比下没有观察到明显的转向，至少在实验岩心长度下没发生转向。表面活性剂基转向酸的应用受到了原始渗透率比的限制，当原始渗透率比高于10时，则基本丧失了转向性能。
由于表面活性剂基转向酸具有转向性能好、滤失低、摩阻低易泵送、自动破胶无伤害等一系列的优点且在实际油田应用中效果突出，现以成为国内外竞相研究的热点。 这是最近做毕业设计时查询的相关资料，感觉自己有段时间没发帖了，就顺便做了个翻译放上来，但本人翻译水平有限，翻译中难免存在错误和不足的地方，仅供参考哈~  | 
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