Table of Contents
Table of Contents................................................................................................................ 2
Introduction........................................................................................................................ 2
1.0 Resources of the Great Lakes Basin ......................................................................... 4
2.0 Oil and Gas Industries in the Great Lakes Region..................................................... 7
2.1 Origin and History of Oil and Natural Gas in Ontario.............................................. 7
2.2 Industry Overview .................................................................................................. 10
2.3 Consumption ........................................................................................................... 13
2.4 Oil and Gas Industry Economy............................................................................... 14
3.0 Oil and Gas Exploration and Drilling Technology ................................................. 15
4.0 Oil and Gas spills .................................................................................................... 19
5.0 Federal and Provincial Regulations and Legislations in Oil and Gas Industry in
Canada.............................................................................................................................. 23
5.2 Provincial Operating Standards .............................................................................. 24
5.3 Ontario Regulation 263/02...................................................................................... 24
6.0 Canada’s Existing Environmental Protection Policies with Regard to Oil and Gas
Development ..................................................................................................................... 25
6.1 Clean Water Act...................................................................................................... 25
6.2 Canada’s Fisheries Act ........................................................................................... 25
6.3 Great Lakes Policies and Agreements .................................................................... 26
7.0 The US Regulation for Oil and Natural Gas Drilling ............................................. 26
8.0 Political Context...................................................................................................... 30
9.0 Policy Proposal ....................................................................................................... 32
Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 36
References:.................................................................................................................... 38